 Capital city | | Beijing | |
| National flag | |  Five-star red flag, length and width proportion: 3:2. | |
National anthem
| | March of the Volunteers (lines: Arise, those who do not want to be slaves! We will use our flesh and blood to build another Great Wall. China has reached the brink of national collapse. All the people have been making their last outcry. Arise! Arise! Arise! All our hearts become one. Let us face the enemy's gunfire. March on! Let us face the enemy's gunfire. March on! March on! March on! On!) | |
| National Day | | October 1, the country was founded in 1949. | |
| President | | 
Hu Jintao
| |
| Vice president | | 
Zeng Qinghong | |
| Premier | | 
Wen Jiabao | |
| Top legislature | | National People's Congress (NPC) | |
| Location | | In East Asia, by the west Pacific Ocean. | |
| Territory area | | 9.6 million square km, second to Russia and Canada. | |
| | Shanghai | |
| Currency | | Renminbi (RMB) yuan | |
| Weights and measures | | metric system | |
| Gross domestic product | | 13.65 trillion yuan (US$1.65 trillion) at the end of 2004 | |
| Topography | | High in its west and low in its east: mountain areas 33.3%, plateaus 26%, basins 18.8%, plains 12% and hills 9.9%. | |
| Islands | | Among the 5,400 islands, Taiwan Island (about 36,000 square km) is the largest, Hainan Island (about 34,000 square km) the second. | |
| Mountains | | Among the 19 mountains over 7,000 meters high in the world, seven are in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as "the roof of the world", has many high mountains. The Himalayas, with an average elevation of 6,000 meters, have the world's highest peak Mount Qomolangma, 8,844 meters above sea level. | |
| Rivers | | The Yangtze River, 6,300 km long, the third longest in the world after the Nile and the Amazon. The Yellow River, the second longest in China, stretching 5,464 km. | |
| Canyon | | The canyon on the Yalu Tsangpo River, the world's largest, 504.6 km in length and 6,009 meters in depth. | |
| Man-made river | | The Grand Canal, 1,801 km long, the longest man-made river in the world. Its cutting began in the fifth century BC.
| |
| Lakes | | The Poyang Lake on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is China's largest freshwater lake; the Qinghai Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the country's largest salt lake. | |
| Climate | | Most of the country in the temperate zone, although geographically the country stretches from the tropical and subtropical zones in the south to the frigid zone in the north. | |
| Wild animals | | China has a great variety of wildlife, over 4,400 vertebrates, more than 100 rare species of the world: the giant panda, the golden monkey, the white-lipped deer, the South China Tiger, Crossoplilon mantchuricum, the white-flag dolphin, the Chinese alligator, and the crowned crane. | |
| Plants | | China has a great variety of plants, 32,000 species of higher plants, including nearly all the major kinds of vegetation found in the frigid and temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. | |
| Popular flowers | | Peony, azalea, primrose and felwort. | |
| Population | | 1.3 billion by January 6, 2005 | |
Population
growth rate | | 5.87‰ in 2004 | |
| Average life-span | | 71 years old by the end of 2000. | |
| Population composition | | The males: 51.5%, the females: 48.5%; people aged 0-14: 21.5%; people aged 15-64: 70.9%; people aged above 65: 7.6%; urban population: 41.8%; rural population: 58.2%. | |
| Ethnic groups | | China has 56 ethnic groups, of which the Hans have the largest population, accounting for 91.59 percent of the total, according to the country's fifth census conducted in 2000. The other 55 ethnic minority groups have a total population of 104.49 million, accounting for 8.41 percent. | |
| Languages | | Of the 56 ethnic groups in China, the Hui and Manchu use the same languages as Han people, while the rest of groups have their own spoken and written languages. | |
| Public holidays | | New Year's Day (January 1), the Spring Festival (the New Year's Day by Chinese lunar calendar), International Labor Day (May 1), and the National Day (October 1). | |
